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三亚市人民政府关于印发三亚市海鲜排档经营监督管理办法的通知

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-22 05:30:07  浏览:9753   来源:法律资料网
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三亚市人民政府关于印发三亚市海鲜排档经营监督管理办法的通知

海南省三亚市人民政府


三亚市人民政府关于印发三亚市海鲜排档经营监督管理办法的通知

三府〔2011〕16号


各镇人民政府,各区管委会,市各有关单位:



  《三亚市海鲜排档经营监督管理办法》已经市政府第60次常务会议讨论通过,现印发给你们,请认真组织实施。



二○一一年一月九日



三亚市海鲜排档经营监督管理办法



  第一条 为加强对我市海鲜排档经营行为的监督管理,建立海鲜排档行业公平、规范的市场秩序,维护消费者和经营者的合法权益,促进我市旅游经济持续健康发展,特制定本办法。


  第二条 本办法所称海鲜排档,是指在三亚市范围内所有以鲜活海产品为主要原料,通过即时加工制作向消费者提供食品的餐饮服务提供者。


  第三条 海鲜排档经营者(以下简称经营者)在经营过程中,必须严格遵守国家的有关法律、法规和政府的规定,遵循平等、自愿、公平、诚实信用的原则,积极配合有关行政主管部门的监管。


  第四条 经营者必须取得食品药品监督部门颁发的餐饮服务许可证,经工商行政管理部门核准登记,领取营业执照,方可开展经营活动。


  第五条 从事海鲜排档的经营场所必须符合市政府的城市规划要求。当事人提供的经营场所证明应合法有效。新设立的海鲜排档经营面积必须达到200平方米以上,加工经营场所功能间设置、布局合理,相关设施设备配套齐全。对占道经营、乱搭乱建不符合城市规划的违章建筑,食品药品监督部门不予办理餐饮服务许可证。
海鲜排档经营行为不得扰乱居民日常生活,不得对周围环境(如沙滩、草坪、海水)造成污染和破坏。排污、排烟必须符合水务、环保部门的要求。


  第六条 经营者应在店堂里显著位置明示以下内容:


  (一)有关行政部门投诉电话,具体为:12315(工商局)、12365(质监局)、12358(物价局)、12366(地税局)、110(公安局)、88667803(交通局)、88392211(旅游委)、88689977(食品药品监督局)、88272814(卫生局)、88595007(综合行政执法局);


  (二)《三亚市餐饮店(海鲜排档)经营规范》;


  (三)《经营承诺书》;


  (四)海鲜品名、图像对照图。


  经营者在经营过程中,应严格遵守《三亚市餐饮店(海鲜排档)经营规范》,履行《经营承诺书》。



  第七条 经营者必须对所经营的海鲜产品明码标价。


  经营者使用的标价牌由三亚市价格主管部门的价格监督检查机构统一监制,做到“一物一图案,一标签、一标价”。


  第八条 经营者应当使用规范的四联点菜结算单。四联点菜结算单应载明以下内容:


  (一)用餐日期;


  (二)菜名;


  (三)数量和价格;


  (四)经营单位名称。


  消费者点完菜后,经营者必须算出消费总额,将四联点菜结算单交由消费者签名确认,才能下单加工,并将顾客联交给消费者。如消费者需要加菜,经营者须提供另外一张四联点菜结算单给消费者签名确认。


  点菜单留存备查时间不得少于一年。


  经营者应创造条件使用收银打票机和电子点菜单、电子展示屏等。


  第九条 经营者必须使用标准电子秤具,秤具必须经质量技术监督部门检验合格后方可使用。



  经营者必须严格执行海南省地方标准DB46/114-2008《餐饮业计量规范》,建立健全计量管理制度,加强计量管理,确保量值准确。


  第十条 经营者必须使用税控机。消费者消费完结帐后,索要发票时,经营者必须无条件给消费者开具正规的与消费金额相当的税务发票,不得以任何理由拒开。


  第十一条 经营者必须建立完善的进货查验和索证索票制度。食品药品监督管理局依法检查海鲜排档台账时,经营者必须予以配合。


  第十二条 经营者必须落实“门前三包”责任制,不得占道经营。


  第十三条 经营者不得有下列经营行为:


  (一)以假充真、以次充好、掺杂使假;


  (二)强买强卖;


  (三)短斤缺两;


  (四)低报价高结算,虚假宣传;


  (五)采用商业贿赂等不正当方式诱导司机、导游等带游客来消费;


  (六)经营野生保护动物,销售不合格商品及国家禁止销售的商品;


  (七)法律、法规和政府规定禁止的其他经营行为。


  第十四条 经营者应认真妥善处理消费者的投诉,对消费者的合理要求不得拖延、拒绝。


  第十五条 经营者要文明经商,诚实守信,从业人员要礼貌待客,遵守职业道德。


  第十六条 对违反本办法规定的经营者,由相关行政管理部门依法予以查处。有关部门在查处中发现海鲜排档经营者存在严重违法行为,建议工商部门责令其停业整顿或吊销其营业执照的,工商行政管理部门应依法作出责令停业整顿或吊销营业执照的处罚。


  第十七条 实行“9分倒扣退市整顿机制”。工商行政管理部门依照《旅游餐饮(海鲜排档)违规经营扣分标准》的规定对经营者违规行为予以扣分。年度内被扣满9分的经营者,由工商行政管理部门依法责令其停业整顿或吊销其营业执照。


  第十八条 相关行政管理部门在监管海鲜排档经营行为中应履行下列职责:


  工商行政管理局应依据“五统一”(即统一制作商品标识牌、统一悬挂12315电话牌、统一悬挂《经营规范》、统一使用标准电子称具、统一使用四联点菜单)、“9分倒扣退市整顿机制”和“三公布”(即媒体公布、行业公布、网上公布)的监管模式,规范海鲜排档经营行为。对海鲜排档无照经营、以假充真、强买强卖、欺客宰客、商业贿赂等违法经营行为依法予以查处。


  食品药品监督管理局应依法对海鲜排档实施监督管理,督促经营者建立落实进货查验和索证索票制度,查处无餐饮服务许可证经营、从业人员无健康证明上岗、餐饮具消毒不合格等违法行为。


  物价局应督促海鲜排档明码标价,按照“一物一图案、一标签、一标价”的标准监制海鲜排档标价签,监督检查并规范经营者标价行为,对价格违法行为进行查处;海鲜排档经营者要积极配合价格主管部门做好海鲜品价格监测工作,物价部门定期向社会发布海鲜价格信息。


  旅游发展委员会应教育和警示旅行社、导游诚信经营、规范操作,对旅行社、导游带游客到海鲜排档消费索取回扣的行为,一经查实,依法从重从严处理。


  卫生局应对海鲜排档经营中出现的食品安全事故进行总协调,会同有关部门进行调查处理。



  质量技术监督局应规范海鲜排档计量器具,每年进行一次定期检定,不定期核查,查处短斤缺两等计量违法行为。


  交通局应规范出租车司机经营行为,查处出租车司机拉客到海鲜排档消费索取回扣的违法违规行为。


  综合行政执法局应对海鲜排档占道经营、不落实“门前三包”责任制的行为进行查处,取缔摩托车、人力三轮车非法营运行为,以杜绝摩托车、人力三轮车司机拉客到海鲜排档消费索取回扣的行为。


  地税局应规范税票管理,查处不开发票、使用虚假发票及偷税漏税等违法行为。


  公安局应对海鲜排档欺客宰客情节严重构成犯罪的行为,依法追究其刑事责任;对阻挠、抗拒有关职能部门执行公务的行为,依照有关法律规定进行处理。


  海洋与渔业局应对海鲜排档标示的海鲜名称及其标识图案进行监督管理,协助物价部门核查海鲜排档所标海鲜名称是否统一、规范,与实物一致。


  消防局应对海鲜排档经营场所进行消防安全监督管理,核查经营场所消防安全情况。


  第十九条 实行消费者投诉24小时联动处理机制。


  工商、旅游、食品药品、卫生、质监、物价、交通、税务、公安、综合执法等部门应实行24小时值班制度,随时联动处理消费者投诉。


  上述有关职能部门接到消费者现场投诉后,属于本部门监管职能的,应立即指定人员进行调查处理,必要时派出执法人员在规定时限内到现场处理;不属于本部门监管职能的,通过市政府12345热线,通知相关职能部门。各职能部门接到通知后,按各自职能,处理消费者投诉,并进行现场检查;必要时再通知其他部门到现场处理。


  接到现场投诉后,相关职能部门应根据具体情况进行调查处理,必要时立即派出执法人员前往现场处理,原则上对市区内的投诉,在30分钟内赶到现场处理;对乡镇的投诉,在60分钟内赶到现场处理。


  第二十条 相关职能部门的工作人员因玩忽职守,滥用职权,徇私舞弊造成严重后果的,要依法予以党纪、政纪处分;对构成犯罪的,要依法追究刑事责任。


  第二十一条 工商、旅游、食品药品、卫生、质监、物价、交通、税务、公安、海洋渔业、综合执法等相关行政管理部门可依据本办法制定海鲜排档管理实施细则。


  对原有海鲜排档要按照本办法规定的从业标准进行规范。


  第二十二条 本办法自颁布之日起实施。2004年颁布实施的《三亚市海鲜排档监督管理办法》(三府〔2004〕28号)同时废止。

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境外金融机构管理办法(附英文)

人民银行


境外金融机构管理办法(附英文)

1990年4月13日,人民银行

第一条 为了加强境外金融机构的管理,保障金融事业的健康发展,制定本办法。
第二条 中国境内银行、非银行金融机构(以下统称境内金融机构),非金融性公司、企业及其他组织(以下统称境内非金融机构),境外中资银行、非银行金融机构(以下统称境外中资金融机构)和境外非金融性中资公司、企业及其他组织(以下统称境外中资非金融机构),投资设立或者收购境外金融机构,必须遵守本办法的规定。
前款所称境外金融机构是指境内金融机构、非金融机构及境外中资金融机构和非金融机构在境外设立或者收购的从事存款、贷款、票据贴现、结算、信托投资、金融租赁、担保、保险、证券经营等项金融业务的机构。
第三条 设立或者收购境外金融机构的审批管理机关为中国人民银行。
第四条 境内金融机构申请设立或者收购境外金融机构,应当具备下列条件:
(一)经国务院或者中国人民银行批准,依法登记注册,并持有中国人民银行颁发的《经营金融业务许可证》;
(二)经国家外汇管理局批准经营外汇业务,持有国家外汇管理局颁发的《经营外汇业务许可证》,并有三年以上经营外汇业务经验和与其经营业务相适应的专业人员;
(三)有合法的外汇资金来源;
(四)有不低于八千万元人民币等值外汇的自有资金。
第五条 境内非金融机构申请设立或者收购境外金融机构,应当具备下列条件:
(一)经有关部门批准成立,依法登记注册的大型公司、企业;
(二)在境外设有集团性公司、企业或者其他大型企业,并有较好的基础和盈利前景;
(三)经主管部门同意在境外设立金融机构,并有不低于一亿元人民币等值外汇的自有资金;
(四)有与其经营金融业务及外汇业务相适应的专业人员。
第六条 境外中资金融机构和非金融机构申请设立或者收购境外金融机构,应当具备下列条件:
(一)经主管部门批准,依法在境外设立,有正式批准文件和在当地合法营业的证明材料;
(二)拟设机构地区中资金融机构力量较弱,有必要设立金融机构;
(三)所提申请符合有关国家或者地区的法律。
第七条 设立或者收购境外金融机构依照下列规定申报批准:
(一)境内金融机构在境外设立代表机构、分支机构,设立中资、中外合资金融机构或者收购境外金融机构,由中国人民银行批准;
(二)境内非金融机构在境外设立中资、中外合资金融机构或者收购境外金融机构,由主管部门征求经贸部意见并审核同意后,报中国人民银行批准;
(三)境外中资金融机构和非金融机构,设立或者收购境外金融机构,由其境内投资单位征求经贸部意见后报中国人民银行批准。
第八条 在境外设立或者收购金融机构,应当由其境内投资单位向中国人民银行提出申请,申请书需载明拟设立或者收购金融机构的名称、营业范围、条件和必要性等,经中国人民银行审核立项后,依照本办法的规定提交申请文件。
中国人民银行对申请单位提交的申请文件进行审查,并在接到申请文件之日起三个月内决定批准或者不批准。
第九条 经批准设立或者收购的境外金融机构,应当由其境内投资单位持中国人民银行批准文件,依照有关规定到国家外汇管理局办理外汇汇出手续。
第十条 境内金融机构申请在境外设立代表机构,应当提交下列文件:
(一)申请单位的主要负责人签署的申请报告,其内容包括:拟设代表机构的名称,住所,首席代表、代表简历;
(二)设立代表机构的费用预算和外汇来源证明。
第十一条 境内金融机构申请在境外设立分支机构,应当提交下列文件:
(一)申请单位主要负责人签署的申请报告,其内容包括:拟设分支机构的名称,住所,营业资金数额,经营业务种类,主要负责人简历等;
(二)申请单位前三年的资产负债表、损益表和业务状况报告;
(三)可行性研究报告;
(四)中国人民银行要求提交的其他有关文件。
第十二条 境内金融机构、非金融机构及境外中资金融机构、非金融机构申请在境外设立中资金融机构,应当提交下列文件:
(一)申请单位主要负责人签署的申请报告,其内容包括:拟设中资金融机构名称,住所,注册资本和实有资本,资金来源,经营业务种类,主要负责人简历等;
(二)申请单位前三年的资产负债表、损益表和业务状况报告;
(三)可行性研究报告;
(四)中国人民银行要求提交的其他有关文件。
第十三条 境内金融机构、非金融机构及境外中资金融机构、非金融机构申请在境外设立中外合资金融机构,应当提交下列文件:
(一)申请单位的主要负责人签署的申请报告,其内容包括:拟设中外合资金融机构的名称,住所,注册资本和实有资本,经营业务种类,合资各方的名称和出资比例,中方资金来源、主要负责人简历等;
(二)申请单位前三年的资产负债表、损益表和业务状况报告;
(三)合资各方草签的合资协议、合同和章程;
(四)可行性研究报告;
(五)中国人民银行要求提交的其他有关文件。
第十四条 境内金融机构、非金融机构及境外中资金融机构、非金融机构申请收购境外金融机构,应当提交下列文件:
(一)申请单位主要负责人签署的申请报告,其内容包括:拟收购的金融机构的名称,住所,章程,总资本和总资产数额,机构及人员状况,财务状况,收购原因,收购目的,收购资金数额,资金来源;
(二)申请单位前三年的资产负债表、损益表和业务状况报告;
(三)可行性研究报告;
(四)中国人民银行要求提交的其他有关文件。
第十五条 境外金融机构有下列变更之一的,其境内投资单位应当于事前向中国人民银行提出申请,由中国人民银行审批:
(一)代表机构升为分支机构;
(二)撤销代表机构、分支机构、中资或者中外合资金融机构;
(三)调整中外合资金融机构的股份比例或者增资。
第十六条 境外金融机构的境内投资单位应当于每年七月三十一日前向所在地中国人民银行省级分行报送境外金融机构上半年工作报告,其内容包括:机构人员变化情况,存款放款分析,汇出汇入款项分析,进出口结算分析,投资项目分析和外汇、证券、黄金买卖分析。上述报告由中国人民银行省级分行转报中国人民银行。
第十七条 境外金融机构的境内投资单位应当于每年三月三十一日前向所在地中国人民银行省级分行报送境外金融机构上一年度的资产负债表、损益表和年度工作报告,并由中国人民银行省级分行转报中国人民银行。
第十八条 中国人民银行及其各省级分行有权对境外金融机构的工作进行监督。
第十九条 违反本办法第七条的规定,未经中国人民银行批准,在境外设立或者收购金融机构的,中国人民银行有权冻结境内投资单位相应数额的外汇或者人民币存款,责令其撤销境外金融机构或者限期补办审批手续,并追究主要负责人和直接责任人员的责任。
违反本办法第十五条规定的,中国人民银行有权冻结境内投资单位相应数额的外汇或者人民币存款,并责令其对境外金融机构进行停业整顿。
违反本办法第十六条、第十七条规定,情节严重的,中国人民银行对境内投资单位可处以人民币十万元以下罚款。
违反外汇管理的,依照国家有关规定予以处罚。
第二十条 本办法施行前未经中国人民银行批准,已在境外设立或者收购金融机构的,应当在中国人民银行规定的期限内,依照本办法的规定补办审批手续。
第二十一条 本办法不适用于在中国境内设立的外商投资企业。
第二十二条 本办法由中国人民银行负责解释。
第二十三条 本办法自发布之日起施行。(附英文)

PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF CHINESE FINANCIAL INSTITU-TIONS ABROAD

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF CHINESE FINANCIAL INSTITU-
TIONS ABROAD
(Approved by the State Council on March 12, 1990 and promulgated
by Decree No. 1 of the People's Bank of China on April 13, 1990)
Article 1
These Procedures are formulated for the purpose of strengthening the
administration of Chinese financial institutions outside China and
ensuring the sound development of financial undertakings.
Article 2
All banking and non-banking financial institutions inside China
(hereinafter collectively referred to as "domestic financial
institutions"), all non-financial corporations, enterprises and other
organizations inside China (hereinafter collectively referred to as
"domestic non-financial institutions"), all Chinese-invested banking and
non-banking financial institutions outside China (hereinafter collectively
referred to as "Chinese-invested financial institutions abroad"), and all
Chinese-invested non-financial corporations, enterprises and other
organizations outside China (hereinafter collectively referred to as
"Chinese-invested non-financial institutions abroad") that wish to invest
in the establishment or purchase of a financial institution abroad shall
abide by these Procedures.
The term "financial institutions abroad" referred to in the preceding
paragraph denotes institutions which are established or purchased abroad
by domestic financial institutions or non-financial institutions, or
Chinese-invested financial institutions or non-financial institutions
abroad and which engage in such financial business operations as deposits,
loans, discount of negotiable instruments, settlements, trust investment,
financial lease, guarantees, insurance and deals in securities.
Article 3
The organ to examine, approve and administer the establishment or purchase
of financial institutions abroad is the People's Bank of China.
Article 4
A domestic financial institution that applies for the establishment or
purchase of a financial institution abroad shall satisfy the following
requirements:
1) it has been approved by the State Council or the People's Bank of
China, has been registered in accordance with the law and holds a Licence
of Financial Business Operations issued by the People's Bank of China;
2) it has been permitted by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange
Control to handle foreign exchange operations, holds a Licence of Foreign
Exchange Operations issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange
Control and has the experience in handling foreign exchange operations for
over three years and the required specialized personnel;
3) it possesses legitimate sources of funds in foreign exchange; and
4) it possesses a foreign exchange fund of its own equivalent to no less
than 80 million Renminbi yuan.
Article 5
A domestic non-financial institution that applies for the establishment or
purchase of a financial institution abroad shall satisfy the following
requirements:
1) it is a large corporation or enterprise that has been established upon
approval by the department concerned and has been registered in accordance
with the law; 2) it has a group corporation or group enterprise or other
large enterprise operating abroad with a relatively solid foundation and
good prospect of making profit; 3) it has been permitted by the department
in charge to establish a financial institution abroad and possesses a
foreign exchange fund of its own equivalent to no less than 100 million
Renminbi yuan; and
4) it possesses the specialized personnel required for handling financial
and foreign exchange operations.
Article 6
A Chinese-invested financial institution or non-financial institution
abroad that applies for the establishment or purchase of a financial
institution abroad shall satisfy the following requirements:
1) it has been established abroad upon approval by the department in
charge in accordance with the law, possessing the official document of
approval and the documents certifying that it is engaged in legitimate
business operations in the locality; 2) the Chinese-invested financial
institutions in the locality where the intended financial institution is
to be established or purchased are in a relatively weak position, which
renders it necessary to establish the financial institution; and 3) the
application submitted is in conformity with the law of the country or
region concerned.
Article 7
The application for the establishment or purchase of a financial
institution abroad shall be submitted for approval in accordance with the
following provisions:
1) the application by a domestic financial institution for the
establishment abroad of a representative agency, a branch office, or for
the establishment abroad of a Chinese-invested financial institution or a
Chinese-foreign joint financial institution, or for the purchase of a
financial institution abroad, shall be submitted to the People's Bank of
China for approval;
2) the application by a domestic non-financial institution for the
establishment abroad of a Chinese-invested financial institution or a
Chinese-foreign joint financial institution or for the purchase of a
financial institution abroad shall, upon verification and consent by the
department in charge which has solicited the opinions of the Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, be submitted to the People's Bank of
China for approval; and
3) the application by a Chinese-invested financial institution or non-
financial institution abroad for the establishment or purchase of a
financial institution abroad shall, after its domestic investing unit has
solicited the opinions of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade, be submitted to the People's Republic of China for approval.
Article 8
For the establishment or purchase of a financial institution abroad, the
domestic investing unit concerned shall apply to the People's Bank of
China. The application shall clearly state the name of the financial
institution to be established or purchased, its business scope, the
conditions, and the necessity therefor. After the content has been
examined, verified and filed as an item for processing by the People's
Bank of China, the application shall be submitted in accordance with the
provisions of these Procedures.
The People's Bank of China shall examine the application submitted by the
applying unit and shall, within three months of receipt of the same, make
the decision as to whether or not it will grant the approval.
Article 9
After the establishment or purchase of a financial institution abroad has
been approved, the domestic investing unit concerned shall, on the
strength of the document of approval by the People's Bank of China and in
accordance with the pertinent provisions, approach the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control and go through the procedures
to remit abroad the required foreign exchange.
Article 10
A domestic financial institution that applies for the establishment abroad
of a representative agency shall submit the following documents:
1) an application duly signed by the chief person in charge of the
applying unit, which shall include the name of the proposed representative
agency, its address, the name of the chief representative and his/her
curriculum vitae; and
2) the estimated expense of the proposed agency and the certificate of its
source of foreign exchange.
Article 11
A domestic financial institution that applies for the establishment abroad
of a branch office shall submit the following documents:
1) an application duly signed by the chief person in charge of the
applying unit, which shall include the name of the proposed branch office,
its address, the amount of its operating funds, the type(s) of business
operations, the curriculum vitae of the chief person in charge;
2) the statements of assets and liabilities, the statements of loss and
profit, and the financial reports of the applying unit for the three years
prior to the submission of the application;
3) the feasibility study report; and
4) other relevant documents required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 12
A domestic financial institution or non-financial institution or a
Chinese-invested financial institution or non-financial institution abroad
that applies for the establishment abroad of a Chinese-invested financial
institution shall submit the following documents:
1) an application duly signed by the chief person in charge of the
applying unit, which shall include the name of the proposed Chinese-
invested financial institution, its address, its registered capital and
the actual capital, the source(s) of funds, the type(s) of business
operations and the curriculum vitae of the chief person in charge; 2) the
statements of assets and liabilities, the statements of loss and profit,
and the financial reports of the applying unit for the three years prior
to the submission of the application;
3) the feasibility study report; and
4) other relevant documents required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 13
A domestic financial institution or non-financial institution or a
Chinese-invested financial institution or non-financial institution abroad
that applies for the establishment abroad of a Chinese-foreign joint
financial institution shall submit the following documents:
1) an application duly signed by the chief person in charge of the
applying unit, which shall include the name of the proposed Chinese-
foreign joint financial institution, its registered capital and the actual
capital, the type(s) of business operations, the names of the respective
investing parties and the percentage of their respective capital
contributions, the source(s) of funds of the Chinese investor(s), and the
curriculum vitae of the chief person in charge;
2) the statements of assets and liabilities, the statements of loss and
profit, and the financial reports of the applying unit for the three years
prior to the submission of the application;
3) the agreement, the contract and the articles of association of the
joint financial institution initialled by the respective investing parties
thereto;
4) the feasibility study report; and
5) other relevant documents required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 14
A domestic financial institution or non-financial institution or a
Chinese-invested financial institution or non-financial institution abroad
that applies for the purchase of a financial institution abroad shall
submit the following documents:
1) an application duly signed by the chief person in charge of the
applying unit, which shall include the name of the financial institution
that is to be purchased, its address, the articles of association, the
total capital and total assets, the state of affairs of the institution
and its personnel, its financial position, the reasons of the purchase and
the objectives thereof, the amount of the fund needed for the purchase,
and the source(s) of the fund;
2) the statements of assets and liabilities, the statements of loss and
profit, and the financial reports of the applying unit for the three years
prior to the submission of the application;
3) the feasibility study report; and
4) other relevant documents required by the People's Bank of China.
Article 15
If a financial institution abroad is to make any one of the following
changes, its domestic investing unit shall in advance submit an
application to the People's Bank of China for examination and approval:
1) if a representative agency is to be upgraded to a branch office;
2) if a representative agency, or a branch office, or a Chinese-invested
financial institution or a Chinese-foreign joint financial institution is
to be disbanded; and 3) if the percentages of the shares held by the
respective investing parties to a Chinese-foreign joint financial
institution are to be adjusted or if the capital is to be increased.
Article 16
The domestic investing unit of a financial institution abroad shall, prior
to the date of July 31 every year, submit to the provincial branch bank of
the People's Bank of China in the locality where it is situated the work
report of the financial institution abroad for the first half of the year,
which shall include the changes in the personnel of the institution, a
breakdown of the deposits and loans, a breakdown of the money sent abroad
or received therefrom; a breakdown of the import and export settlements,
an analysis of the projects of investment and an analysis of the business
transactions in foreign exchange, securities and gold. The afore-said
report shall then be transmitted to the People's Bank of China by its
provincial branch bank.
Article 17
The domestic investing unit of a financial institution abroad shall, prior
to the date of March 31 every year, submit to the provincial branch bank
of the People's Bank of China the statement of assets and liabilities, the
statement of loss and profit, and the annual work report of the financial
institution abroad for the previous fiscal year, which shall then be
transmitted to the People's Bank of China by its provincial branch bank.
Article 18
The People's Bank of China and its various provincial branch banks shall
have the right to exercise supervision over the work of the financial
institutions abroad.
Article 19
If any party, in violation of the provisions in Article 7 of these
Procedures, establishes or purchases a financial institution abroad
without the approval of the People's Bank of China, the People's Bank of
China shall have the right to freeze a corresponding amount of the foreign
exchange of the domestic investing unit thereof or of its Renminbi
deposits, order it to disband the financial institution abroad or set a
deadline for it to make up for the procedures of application for
examination and approval, and conduct close investigations into the
liability of the chief person in charge of the unit and of those who are
directly responsible therefor. If any party violates the provisions in
Article 15 of these Procedures, the People's Bank of China shall have the
right to freeze a corresponding amount of the foreign exchange of the
domestic investing unit thereof or of its Renminbi deposits and order it
to stop the business operations of the financial institution abroad for
rectification. If any party violates the provisions in Articles 16 and 17
of these Procedures, to a serious extent, the People's Bank of China may
impose a fine of 100,000 Renminbi yuan or less on the domestic investing
unit thereof.
Any party violates the regulations concerning foreign exchange control
shall be penalized in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the
State.
Article 20
If any party has, before these Procedures go into effect, established or
purchased a financial institution abroad without approval of the People's
Bank of China, it shall, within the time limit prescribed by the People's
Bank of China, make up for the procedures of application for examination
and approval.
Article 21
These Procedures shall not apply to the enterprises with foreign
investment inside China.
Article 22
The People's Bank of China shall be responsible for the interpretation of
these Procedures.
Article 23
These Procedures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


很长一个时期以来,全国各地烟草专卖管理机关、公安、司法机关在处理非法生产、批发、运输、销售等涉烟非法经营案件时,因有关的法律没有明确的规定、司法解释滞后,都处于各自理解、法律后果不一的境地。2010年3月26日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于办理非法生产、销售烟草专卖品等刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(以下简称《烟草解释》)出台后,各地烟草专卖管理机关、公安、司法机关在办理卷烟非法经营案件适用法律上,才逐步形成统一认识,走上执法一致的轨道,打击烟草非法经营活动出现了一个新局面。可是2011年6月5日最高人民法院以(2011)刑他字第21号文,对江苏省李明华非法经营案作出的批复(以下称《批复》),又给处理卷烟非法批发案件适用法律问题造成认识上不统一,对有烟草零售专卖许可证非法从事卷烟批发的案件产生了争议,对查处、打击破坏烟草市场管理秩序产生了消极影响。笔者认为该批复与《中华人民共和国烟草专卖法》(以下简称《烟草专卖法》)和先期出台的《烟草解释》有关条文相冲突,有必要进行探讨。
一、 有烟草专卖零售许可证不等于有烟草专卖批发企业许可证
人们对《批复》的理解,认为是获得烟草专卖零售许可,从事卷烟批发不是犯罪行为,而是行政违法行为,他们拥有国家烟草专卖部门颁发的专卖许可证具备从事烟草销售的资格,不存在未经许可非法经营的情形,它仍是从事许可证许可的范围,而不是另外需要行政许可的另一种行为。那么获得某种行政许可,又在行使另外一种行为,而不管这种行为是另需得到行政许可的,将其视为是已获得的行政许可的范围,这种理解正确吗?
国家法律规定了企业和公民从事工商业生产、经营活动,必须获得国家有关管理机关的批准,具体到它所从事的生产、经营活动范围都作出规定,国家工商行政管理总局颁布的《企业经营范围登记管理规定》第三条:“经营范围是企业从事经营活动的业务范围,应当依法经企业登记机关登记。
  企业的经营范围由企业登记机关根据投资人或者企业的申请依法登记。企业的经营范围应当与章程或者合伙协议的规定相一致。”《个体工商户登记管理办法》第九条:“经营范围,是指个体工商户开展经营活动所属的行业类别。
  登记机关根据申请人申请,参照《国民经济行业分类》中的类别标准,登记个体工商户的经营范围。”
经营范围包括经营项目和经营方式,经营项目参照《国民经济行业分类》中的具体类别或经营品种进行登记,经营方式分生产、加工、批发、零售、服务等等。
经营范围还分为许可经营项目和一般经营项目,依照法律、行政法规、国务院决定登记前须经批准的项目,属于许可经营项目,也称前置许可项目,还得在申请登记前报经国家有关部门批准。
国家工商行政管理总局颁布的《企业经营范围登记管理规定》第五条和《个体工商户登记管理办法》第十七条对此都作了明确的规定:申请开业、变更登记的经营范围涉及国家法律、行政法规或者国务院决定规定在登记前须经批准的项目的,应当在申请登记前报经国家有关部门批准,并向登记机关提交相关批准文件。
烟草制品的生产、经营,依照《烟草专卖法》规定,就属于前置许可项目,须登记前获得国家烟草专卖行政主管部门的批准。没有批准的,工商行政管理机关不予核发营业执照。
国家为了维护烟草生产、调拨计划,保护消费者利益,保证国家税收,实行专卖许可制度,严格规定了烟草专卖生产企业许可证、烟草专卖批发企业许可证、烟草专卖零售许可证和特种烟草专卖经营企业许可证的管理制度。那么零售证可以等同于批发证吗?众所周知,批发和零售属于两种不同概念的商业行为,是有本质的区别,零售:商品经营者或生产者把商品卖给个人消费者或社会团体消费者的交易活动。特点是:每笔商品交易的数量比较少,交易次数频繁;出卖的商品是消费资料,个人或社会团体购买后用于生活消费;交易结束后商品即离开流通领域,进入消费领域。
批发:专门从事大宗商品交易的商业活动。零售的对称。通常有两种情况:①商业企业将商品批量售给其他商业企业用作转卖。②商业企业将用作再加工的生产资料供应给生产企业。
烟草产品的批发和零售,是经营范围中的两种方式,《烟草专卖法》、《烟草专卖许可证管理办法》作了明确的规范,两者有明显不同的特征,1、它们的批准权限不同,从事烟草批发业务跨省的,需报国务院烟草专卖行政主管部门审批发证,省内经营的报省级烟草专卖行政主管部门审批发证,而烟草零售只需县级烟草专卖行政主管部门审批发证。2、市场准入资质不同,从事烟草批发业务只容许是企业,目前仅限各级国营烟草公司;从事烟草零售企业和个人都可,批发和零售它们的资金、经营场所,从业人员等要求都不同。3、监督管理的制度不同,对批发和零售企业和个人,日常的监督管理的权限、要求、方法都不同。可以看出,零售与批发泾渭分明,不能混淆,无论是从法律规定还是约定俗成,都不是同一种行为。
这种认为有烟草专卖零售许可证从事批发的行为,没有超越获得的行政许可的范围,只是在经营中有违规行为的观点。是对经营范围的曲解,销售卷烟、雪茄烟、烟丝还是烟叶这是经营项目,即卖什么东西,批发还是零售是经营方式,即怎么卖,都是属于经营范围,有烟草专卖零售许可证的只有零售的资格,而无批发的资格,从事批发就超越了许可范围,不能把零售等同于销售,这种有此证等于彼证的理解,是混淆零售与销售的概念。那样的话国家的设置的许多专营、专卖制度都可以取消了,就烟草经营而言,企业、公民只要获得一种烟草专卖许可证,就可以从事生产、批发、运输、零售烟草制品各个环节,那么烟草专卖制度就形同虚设,烟草专卖秩序就无法管理。
《企业经营范围登记管理规定》第十五条也明确规定:“企业未经批准、登记,或者违反本规定第十四条规定,从事许可经营项目经营的,企业登记机关应当依据《无照经营查处取缔办法》予以查处。”
企业和公民个人只能按照工商营业执照上核准的经营范围,从事经营活动,不得超越审核内容从事生产、经营活动。超越审核内容经营的,就是违反专营专卖行为。
我国《刑法》设立非法经营罪的目的之一,是保护国家的专营专卖和市场准入制度,其实质在于惩罚那些违反国家对一些经营活动的专营、专卖或限制制度的行为,这些行为违反了国家对这些经营行为的许可制度。针对的就是行为资格,表现为有没有获得从事某种行为的许可证等资质证明。持有烟草专卖零售许可证,从烟草公司或渠道外购进卷烟,批量销售给零售商家,就是批发行为。因为他们只有国家批准的零售资格,没有经过国家批准的批发资格,而擅自予以经营的,是超越了获得的行政许可规定的范围,就属无照经营。其侵害的是国家的烟草专卖制度,情节严重的,就构成非法经营罪。如持有烟草专卖零售许可证,偶尔将数额较大(一次50条以上)卷烟,销售给消费者,可以作为违规行为,不以犯罪论处。
二、《批复》与《烟草解释》相冲突
另一观点说“有烟草专卖零售许可证从事批发的行为,属于超范围经营,并没有说它不属于无证批发行为,而是认为它不宜按照犯罪处理”。既然认定它是无证批发,且数额已达犯罪标准,就要按无证批发追究刑事责任,认定它是无证批发,又不作犯罪处理,这就自相矛盾了。
《烟草解释》第一条的规定,“违反国家烟草专卖管理法律法规,未经烟草专卖行政主管部门许可,无烟草专卖生产企业许可证、烟草专卖批发企业许可证、特种烟草专卖经营企业许可证、烟草专卖零售许可证等许可证明,非法经营烟草专卖品,情节严重的,依照刑法第二百二十五条的规定,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。”这里规定的无四种许可证其中之一的,非法经营烟草制品,情节严重的以非法经营罪处罚,那么无烟草专卖批发企业许可证从事批发,不以犯罪论处的就与 《烟草解释》的规定相抵触。
《批复》与《烟草解释》条文相冲突,在实际执法中应该哪个为依据呢?根据法律解释的效力来说,《批复》与《烟草解释》都是司法解释的一种,它们的法律效力是同等的,但是《烟草解释》是由两高通过颁布的,对于烟草类案件有普遍的约束力,而《批复》是高院发布的,它仅仅是针对李明华个案的请示,只适用于该案的处理。当然在不与法律相冲突的条件下,对同类案件也有普遍指导意义,在司法实践中应当执行,前提是不能与同一类案件的法律和解释相悖。
笔者认为《批复》明显地与《刑法》第二百二十五条第一款办理烟草案件所依据的《烟草专卖法》立法精神相抵触,与两高的《烟草解释》有关条文相冲突,依照执行就会产生截然不同的法律后果,《批复》只能适用李明华非法经营案,对其他持有烟草专卖零售许可证从事批发案件,要具体案件具体分析,不可以硬性套用。
由于《批复》公布后,各地司法机关都依照执行,虽然只涉及一个罪名,但给烟草市场管理和烟草案件的查处带来了很多难题,一些持有烟草专卖零售许可证的商家,他们钻《批复》空子,因为没有了刑罚加身的威慑力,有持无恐大胆地做起了批发生意。烟草专卖管理部门在查处该类案件时,也显得无从下手,如查获的是外地的,他事实上是无证的,他狡辩说有证但没有随身带,还有的借他人的零售许可证搞批发,或者与有零售许可证的约定,若查获了就说给有证户帮忙的。还可以在办零售许可证不受限制的地区办证等等。由于信息不互通、地域偏远等等原因,短时间内无法核实,又没有限制人身权利,事实没查清又无法移送公安机关,只能不了了之。这样的话必然会给烟草市场造成混乱,打乱正常的卷烟调拔计划,冲击烟草专卖制度,造成国家税收的流失。以上种种希望引起重视,以免造成执法漏洞。

(作者:许建民)

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